Frugal-IDeM: An Integrated Methodology for Designing Frugal Innovations in Low-Resource Settings

People living in low-resource settings at the base of world income pyramid (i.e. pyramid—BOP) face several constraints. To satisfy their unmet needs, integrated frugal innovations are necessary. Several studies, discussed using many names such as ‘design for pyramid’, development’, ‘product service systems’, ‘frugal innovations’, ‘humanitarian engineering’, ‘appropriate technology’, have explored design BOP. Based on ten key aspects, gleaned from this paper aims developing an Integrated Design Methodology designing BOP (Frugal-IDeM). We related aspects with various phases and development process. The Frugal-IDeM also includes recommendations how to implement aspects.